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I think flying money(飛銭), a kind of tally, is important.
Keynes quoted in a book review(1912).
https://doi.org/10.2307/2222270
cf.
Isabella Weber(2021) seems to be more concerned with Guanzi(管子) than Confucius(孔子).
https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1316&context=econ_workingpaper
：アニメ
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https://modernmonetarytheory2024.blogspot.com/2024/02/eric-tymoigne.html @
https://www.blogger.com/u/0/blog/post/edit/4746200653128420172/2858421819844413909
I think flying money(飛銭), a kind of tally, is important.
Keynes quoted in a book review(1912).
"The origin of something between notes and bills of exchange in the ninth century A.D.is worth quoting:…”
https://doi.org/10.2307/2222270
Isabella Weber seems to be more concerned with Guanzi(管子) than Confucius(孔子).
China’s Ancient Principles of Price Regulation through Market Participation: The Guanzi from a Comparative Perspective
Isabella Weber
2021
https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1316&context=econ_workingpaper
：アニメ
China’s Ancient Principles of Price Regulation through Market Participation: The Guanzi from a Comparative Perspective
Isabella Weber
2021
https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1316&context=econ_workingpaper
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From The Economic Journal, December 1912
CHEN, HUAN-CHANG. The Economic Principles of Confucius and his School. 2 vols.
Columbia Uniersity Studies. (New York,
Longmans), 1911.https://doi.org/10.2307/2222270
https://www.amazon.co.jp/European-Chinese-Histories-Economic-Thought-ebook/dp/B09GRTSCDN/
https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=0-xDEAAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=China’s+Ancient+Principles+of+Price+Regulation+through+Market+Participation:+The+Guanzi+from+a+Comparative+Perspective++Isabella+Weber&hl=ja&source=gbs_navlinks_s
https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=0-xDEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA246&dq=China’s+Ancient+Principles+of+Price+Regulation+through+Market+Participation:+The+Guanzi+from+a+Comparative+Perspective++Isabella+Weber&hl=ja&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjGi4_fzKqEAxUhdfUHHcNlCDsQ6AF6BAgNEAI#v=onepage&q=China’s%20Ancient%20Principles%20of%20Price%20Regulation%20through%20Market%20Participation%3A%20The%20Guanzi%20from%20a%20Comparative%20Perspective%20%20Isabella%20Weber&f=false
Isabella Weber
I think flying money(飛銭), a kind of tally, is important.
Keynes quoted in a book review…
Keynes states in a book review(1912).
"The origin of something between notes and bills of exchange in the ninth century A.D.is worth quoting:…”
1911.https://doi.org/10.2307/2222270
https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1316&context=econ_workingpaper
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https://x.com/tymoignee/status/1757575808611406120?s=61
Early Chinese monetary thought is far apart from European (especially Aristotelian line that dominates until 19th century):
1-Monetary system is instrument of statecraft, did not come from market exchange needs.Fiscal policy monetizes the economy (pay soldiers, taxes, etc.)
2-The material used to make money is irrelevant for the nature of money. Whatever is convenient to meet the needs of the economy should be used. Material should NOT be scarce but should be durable and divisible.
3-The main purpose of a monetary instrument is to be medium of exchange and means of payment, it should circulate. Hoarding is not proper and so store of value is not something a monetary instrument should perform in significant way:better left to gold and silver ingots or others
4- Uniform weight is irrelevant, only shape and inscription should be uniform: monetary instrument of a given issue (Knife, spade, or wushu) vary in weight by 50%!
4b-This view becomes a problem when coins made of same material (bronze usually) but of different face value are issued but weight proportion are not respected: people discriminate. Weirdly, Chinese authority never seem to learn the lesson and keep repeating the mistake
5-The core debate among early monetary thinkers (legists vs confusians) is the following: should the state have a monopoly over the material used to make monetary instrument (and so over minting)?
I see the same ideas reflected in Lower Canada’s successful Army Bills experiment during the War of 1812. Check out the recent paper in the JPKE.
1812 年の戦争中にローワー カナダで成功した陸軍法案の実験にも同じ考えが反映されていることがわかります。JPKE の最近の論文をチェックしてください。
Journal of Post Keynesian Economics
https://www.jstor.org/journal/jpostkeynecon
Thanks! I've tried to find more about Chinese economics before Europe. I can get whole books, but no rough short abbreviated summary. Like yours. But this seems too close to what I'd expect. Where did you get this? I want more. Did China never fall into metallism?
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https://x.com/slowslow2772/status/1757721271079719122?s=61
Thanks, indeed another among other successful experiments. Note that the view that keeps coming up is the standard(but not universal)European thinking is that there is something special about paper.Iron,clay,leather,tin and paper were all used successfully in China long before.
ありがとう、本当に成功した実験の一つです。常に出てくる見解は、紙には特別なものがあるという標準的な（しかし普遍的ではない）ヨーロッパの考え方であることに注意してください。鉄、粘土、革、ブリキ、紙はすべて、はるか以前に中国でうまく使用されていました。
Do you read French? If so François Thierry is great
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https://x.com/tymoignee/status/1757575808611406120?s=61
初期の中国の貨幣思想はヨーロッパとは大きく異なります（特に 19 世紀まで支配的だったアリストテレスの系統）。
1. 通貨制度は国家戦略の手段であり、市場交換のニーズから生まれたものではありません。財政政策は経済を収益化します（兵士や税金などを支払う）。
2-お金を稼ぐために使用される材料は、お金の性質とは無関係です。経済のニーズを満たすために都合のよいものは何でも使用すべきです。材料は不足していてはなりませんが、耐久性があり、分割できるものである必要があります。
3-金融商品の主な目的は交換媒体および支払い手段であり、流通する必要があります。買いだめは適切ではないため、価値の保存は金融商品が重要な役割を果たすべきものではありません。金や銀のインゴットなどに任せたほうがよいでしょう。
4- 均一な重さは無関係で、形状と刻印のみが均一である必要があります。特定の銘柄の金融商品 (ナイフ、スペード、または武術) は、重さが 50% 異なります。
4b - この見解は、同じ素材（通常は青銅）で作られたが額面が異なるコインが発行され、重量比率が尊重されていない場合に問題になります。つまり、人々は差別しています。奇妙なことに、中国当局は決して教訓を学ばないようで、過ちを繰り返し続けている。
5-初期の貨幣思想家（立法者対儒家）の間での中心的な議論は次のようなものだった：国家は貨幣の製造に使用される材料（そして鋳造に関しても）を独占すべきか？
ありがとう！私はヨーロッパよりも先に中国経済についてもっと調べてみました。本全体を入手することはできますが、大まかに短く要約したものは入手できません。あなたと同じように。しかし、これは私の予想に近すぎるようです。どこでこれを手に入れましたか？私がもっと欲しい。中国はメタリズムに陥ることはなかったのか？
あなたはフランス語を読みますか？そうだとしたらフランソワ・ティエリーは素晴らしい
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歴史家のリチャード・フォン・グラーンには『運命の泉』という本があり、中国の歴史における金属主義とカルタリズム（チャート主義）について論じています。あなたはそれを知っていますか、そしてそれについてどう思いますか？
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ちょうど終わったところです。金融政策の成功と失敗についての十分な詳細と、金融問題に関する民間と政府の対立についての素晴らしいプレゼンテーション。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Thierry_(numismatist)
François Thierry (numismatist)
François Thierry de Crussol, known by his Chinese name 蒂埃里 (Di Ali), is a French numismatist, specialising in East Asian currency.
Career
Thierry is honorary curator at the Département des Monnaies et Médailles, Bibliothèque nationale de France. Before retirement he was curator of Oriental coins, and a leading scholar in this field, having produced several well-received books, catalogues of the BnF collection, and numerous articles relating to East Asian numismatics.
Awards and honours
- 2006 Awarded the Medal of the Royal Numismatic Society
- 2017 Awarded the Prix Hirayama - by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres - for his book Les monnaies de la Chine ancienne, des origines à la fin de l'Empire (Paris, Les Belles-Lettres, 2017).[1]
Publications
This is a selection of Thierry's works.[2]
Selected Books
- 2017 - Les monnaies de la Chine ancienne, des origines à la fin de l'Empire (Paris, Les Belles-Lettres)
- 2016 - Royaume du lion, ceylan connu des chinois des origines à la fin des song.(Turnhout: Brepols Publishers)
- 2016 - (with A.C. Fang, eds) The Language and Iconography of Chinese Coin Charms: Deciphering a Past Belief System (Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer)
- 2014 - Le Trésor de Huê, Une face cachée de la colonisation de l'Indochine (Paris: Nouveau Monde éditions)
- 2014 - Monnaies chinoises, IV- Des Liao aux Ming du Sud (Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France)
- 2013 - La Ruine du Qin, Ascension, triomphe et mort du premier empereur de Chine (Paris: La Librairie Vuibert)
- 2003 - Monnaies chinoises, II- Des Qin aux Cinq Dynasties (Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France)
- 2002 - Catalogue des monnaies vietnamiennes- Supplément (Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France)
- 2001 - (with M. Amandry, M. Dhénin, M. Popoff and C. Vellet) Dictionnaire de Numismatique (Paris: Larousse)
- 1997 - Monnaies chinoises, I- L'Antiquité préimpériale (Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France)
- 1995 - Les monnaies chinoises de Pacifique Chardin (Lille)
- 1992 - Monnaies de Chine (Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale)
- 1988 - Catalogue des monnaies vietnamiennes (Paris: Bibliothèque nationale)
- 1987 - Amulettes de Chine et du Vietnam, rites magiques et symbolique de la Chine ancienne (Paris: Le Léopard d'or)
- 1986 - Monnaies d'Extrême Orient (Paris: Administration des monnaies et médailles)
Selected Articles
- 2011 - "The Confucian Message on Vietnamese Coins A closer look at the Nguyễn dynasty's large coins with moral maxims", Numismatic Chronicle 171, pp. 367–406.
- 2007 - "Identification of the Nguyên Thông Coins of the Cảnh Hirng Period (1740 -1786)", Numismatic Chronicle 167, pp. 237–241.
References
- "Palmarès 2018". www.aibl.fr (in French). 2017-01-09. Retrieved 2018-08-28.none
- Thierry, Francois. "François THIERRY's Work List 2018".none
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